The automotive landscape is rapidly evolving, with electric vehicles (EVs) gaining significant traction. A key concern for many potential buyers has been the reliability of EVs compared to traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. However, recent studies indicate a shift, with EVs now demonstrating improved reliability and longevity, even surpassing their petrol and diesel counterparts in some aspects. This article delves into the factors contributing to this change, explores common EV issues, and offers guidance on maintaining electric vehicles.
The Shifting Sands of Reliability: EVs vs. ICE Vehicles
For years, conventional wisdom held that ICE vehicles, with their long history of development and refinement, were inherently more reliable than EVs, which are a relatively newer technology. However, recent research and real-world data are challenging this notion.
Studies Showing Improved EV Reliability
A study using nearly 300 million UK Ministry of Transport test records from 2005 to 2022, published in Nature Energy, revealed that:
- EVs are now more reliable: Modern battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have achieved lifespans comparable to and even exceeding those of petrol and diesel cars, especially under intensive use.
- Faster rate of improvement: EV reliability improves at a significantly faster rate. For each successive year of production, EVs have a 12% lower likelihood of failure, compared to 6.7% for petrol and 1.9% for diesel vehicles.
- Longevity: EVs now have an average lifespan of 18.4 years and can travel up to 124,000 miles.
- Top performing brands: Tesla leads among BEVs, while Audi and Skoda are the most reliable petrol and diesel brands, respectively.
This indicates a clear trend of EVs not only catching up to but also surpassing ICE vehicles in terms of reliability and durability.
Consumer Reports Findings
While some studies show EVs are more reliable, it is important to note that not all findings align on this point. Consumer Reports has conducted several surveys that have indicated different results.
- Initial problems: A survey of Consumer Reports members found that EV owners initially reported more problems with their vehicles compared to gas-powered cars. They noted issues with battery and charging systems, as well as body panel and interior fit.
- Improvement over time: However, in a more recent survey, Consumer Reports found that the reliability of electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids has dramatically improved. The gap in reliability between EVs and gas-powered cars is narrowing. EVs still had 42% more problems than gas vehicles on average, but this is down from 79% more in the previous survey.
- Tech Issues: Initial issues with EVs are often centered around difficult-to-use tech features rather than mechanical problems.
These findings suggest that while early EVs may have had teething problems, the technology is rapidly maturing, leading to increased reliability.
Why Are Modern EVs Becoming More Reliable?
Several factors contribute to the improved reliability of electric cars:
- Fewer Moving Parts: EVs have significantly fewer moving parts compared to ICE vehicles. An EV drivetrain typically has only 10 to 20 parts, whereas a combustion engine has hundreds. This reduction in complexity means there are fewer components that can break down or require maintenance.
- Technological Advancements: Rapid advancements in battery technology, electric motors, and overall vehicle design have led to more robust and reliable EVs.
- Software Improvements: Many early EV issues were related to software. Continuous updates and improvements in vehicle software have helped to resolve these problems.
- Reduced Wear and Tear: EVs use regenerative braking, which significantly reduces wear on brake pads and rotors. This also saves money on maintenance.
Common Electric Vehicle Issues
While EVs are generally becoming more reliable, some common issues still exist:
- Battery Degradation: EV batteries degrade over time, which can lead to reduced driving range and longer charging times. The rate of degradation varies, but it typically averages around 2.3% per year.
- Charging System Problems: Issues with charging ports, cables, and charging infrastructure can cause inconvenience for EV owners.
- Battery and Charging System Issues: Some EV owners report issues with the battery and charging systems, as well as flaws in body panels and interior parts.
- Software Glitches: EVs rely heavily on complex software. Faulty sensors and wiring problems can cause issues.
- Range Anxiety: The fear of running out of charge, especially with limited charging infrastructure, can be a concern for some drivers.
- Cost of Repairs: While EVs have lower maintenance costs, when repairs are necessary, they can be significantly more expensive.
Maintaining Your Electric Vehicle
Proper maintenance is crucial to ensure the longevity and reliability of your EV. Here are some essential tips:
Battery Care
- Optimal Charging Levels: Keep your battery charge between 20% and 80% to avoid stressing the battery. Avoid fully charging or depleting the battery regularly.
- Temperature Management: Extreme temperatures can negatively impact EV batteries. Park in shaded or cool places and avoid driving in extreme heat or cold.
- Slow Charging When Possible: Use slow chargers for regular charging, as fast chargers can degrade the battery faster.
Tire Maintenance
- Check Tire Pressure: EVs are heavier, so maintain proper tire pressure. Low pressure can reduce range and tire life.
- Rotate Tires: Rotate your tires every 5,000 to 8,000 miles to ensure even wear.
- Use EV-Specific Tires: Consider using tires designed for EVs.
General Maintenance
- Regular Cleaning: Keep your EV clean inside and out to maintain its value and protect the exterior.
- Brake Servicing: Although EVs use regenerative braking, still regularly check brake fluid, pads, and rotors.
- Coolant Replacement: Replace battery coolant regularly as part of the liquid thermal management system.
- Regular Inspections: Take your EV to a certified professional about every 7,500 miles for inspections.
The Future of EV Reliability
The trend toward increased EV reliability is expected to continue as technology advances and manufacturers gain more experience. With ongoing improvements in battery technology, software, and manufacturing processes, EVs are set to become even more dependable and long-lasting.
Conclusion
The evidence suggests that electric vehicles are not only catching up to their ICE counterparts in terms of reliability but are also surpassing them in several aspects, including longevity and the rate of improvement in reliability. While some common issues exist, proper maintenance and care can mitigate these problems. As technology advances and the market matures, the future of EV reliability looks promising, offering consumers a viable and sustainable alternative to traditional vehicles.
Table: Comparison of EV and ICE Vehicle Reliability
| Feature | Electric Vehicle (EV) | Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Vehicle |
|———————–|—————————————|——————————————-|
| Moving Parts | Fewer | Many |
| Lifespan | 18.4 years and increasing | Varies, with petrol at 18.7, diesel at 16.3|
| Mileage | 124,000 miles and increasing | Petrol: 116,000, Diesel: 159,000 |
| Reliability Improvement| 12% lower failure rate per year of production | Petrol: 6.7%, Diesel: 1.9% |
| Maintenance Costs | Generally Lower | Generally Higher |
| Repair Costs | Can be Higher | Generally Lower |
| Common Issues | Battery, charging, software | Engine, transmission, fuel system |
Quote:
“Earlier batches of EVs were not only costly but also offered little environmental benefits given their limited lifespan and use. However, if the trends estimated in this study persist, the total cost of ownership and environmental advantages of upcoming BEV models could far exceed previous estimations.”
— Research Conclusion, Nature Energy
